BTK signaling — a crucial link in the pathophysiology of chronic spontaneous urticaria

Continual spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is an inflammatory pores and skin dysfunction that manifests with itchy wheals, angioedema, or each for >6 weeks. Mast cells (MCs) and basophils are the important thing pathogenic drivers of CSU; their activation ends in histamine and cytokine launch with subsequent dermal irritation. Two overlapping mechanisms of MC and basophil activation have been proposed in CSU: kind I autoimmunity, additionally known as autoallergy, mediated by way of IgE in opposition to varied autoallergens, and sort IIb autoimmunity, mediated predominantly by way of IgG directed in opposition to the IgE receptor FcεRI or FcεRI-bound IgE.

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