Epinephrine delivery devices: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Within the February 2025 difficulty of the Journal of Allergy and Medical Immunology, Patel et al present a superb assessment of research describing the pharmacokinetics (PK [plasma concentration over time]) of injected epinephrine, noting the substantial variations between research, units, and people.1 In addition they talk about the significance of pharmacodynamics (PD [the physiologic or clinical response]). Patel et al go on to query the approval of a tool for intranasal administration of epinephrine by each the US Meals and Drug Administration (FDA)2 and the European Medicines Company as a result of this approval was granted within the absence of analysis trials demonstrating medical efficacy.

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